Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World

BRITISH EMPIRE

The British Empire focused, not in exploiting colonies, but in improving them and abolishing slavery. This new ideal was being promoted by David Livingstone who was a very important doctor and explorer.
The clapham sect was a group of christian people who made it their labor to abolish slavery and finally got the government to abolish it.
Britain started to look forward to establishing new colonies in Africa because of the natural resources and because of the land, but mainly because of the slave trade which seemed like a really good idea until slavery was abolished.
African culture was very weird to the british and they didn't like it at all, which made the two cultures dislike each other. 
This did not happen with India; the British accepted their ideals and their culture even though they also thought it was pretty weird, they saw them as civilized people with different customs but they did change some of their traditions.
In time, David Livingstone decided to explore the the interior of Africa and discovered that slavery hadn't been completely eliminated and was very shocked.
Some british believed that they shouldn't try to change Indians' religion because it would affect the economy, but the Clapham Sect demanded that the government let them send missionaries to India, which was eventually allowed and cause discrepancies between the two countries. 
The missionaries were extremely annoyed by some indian practices like the suttee and the female infanticide so he british sent more troops to India to control this situation and they said that the path was marked by indian soldiers hanging on trees. 
David Livingstone disappeared but was found by Henry Morton Stanley in an African village.
The year in which David died was the day that slavery was completely abolished in the east. 
Christianity remained as a major religion and the Indians kept their own. 

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Laissez-faire capitalism: Is an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from tariffs, government subsides and enforced monopolies. 
Free market: Isa structure in which the distribution and costs of goods and services, wages and rates are coordinated by supply and demand by the government, regulation or control or a monopoly.
Law of supply and demand: Is an economic model of price and determination in a market. 

Law of self-interest: Is a philosophy in ethics, which states that a person, acts further the interest of other. 

Law of competition: applies to companies who offer goods for sale and compete to get customers to buy their products. Competition Law is designed to prevent companies from trading unfairly. 

The invisible hand:  is a metaphor conceived by Adam Smith to describe the self-regulating behavior of the market place. 

Contract: A contract is a legally binding or valid agreement between two parties.

Free trade: a policy by which a government does not discriminate against imports or interfere with exports, subsides or quotas. 

Balance of trade: is the largest component of a country's balance of payments. Debit items include imports, foreign aid, domestic spending abroad and domestic investments abroad.

Zero-sum game: a mathematical representation of a situation in which participant’s gain or loss of utility is exactly balanced by the losses of gains of the utility of the other participants.

Protectionism: is an economic policy meant to benefit domestic producers of goods and services. 

Embargo: the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country. 

Quota: A government-imposed trade restriction that limits the number, or in certain cases the value, of goods and services that can be imported or exported during a particular time period. 

Tariff: : a tax imposed on imports in a country.

Comparative advantage: is an economic law that demonstrates the ways in which protectionism is unnecessary in free trade.

Trading partner: One of the two or more participants in an ongoing business relationship.

Niche product: Is a specialised and often technical product. It's designed for a small market and often is complicated.

Specialization: An agreement within a community, group, or organization under which the members most suited for a specific activity or task assume greater responsibility for its execution or performance.

Life expectancy: The average amount of years remaining in a person’s life, as per the mortality table being used as a reference.

 Birth rate: The ratio of total live births to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time. The birthrate is often expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year. Also called natality.

Replacement rate: The rate at which stock-keeping units (SKUs) are ordered to replace depleted stores.

Carrying capacity: The carrying capacity is the size of a population that can live indefinitely using the resources available where that population lives.

Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism is the moral belief that an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the most number of people.