This is a war in which Russia fights the Ottoman empire, France and Britain.
1851
- France forces the Ottoman Empire to declare them as the authority of the holy lands.
- Russia then, forces the Ottoman Empire to declare them as the protector of the orthodox christians in the Ottoman Empire.
- Russia starts to negotiate with France. Britain involves itself into the negotiation and convinced the ottomans to reject the treaty with Russia.
1853
- Russia annexes two of the Ottoman Empire's territories saying that it could not protect the christians.
- Britain and France sends a fleet. Peace negotiations continue but break down.
- The Ottomans declare war on Russia.
- The battle of Sinop is fought: Russian ships destroyed Ottoman ships.
- Britain and France demand Russia withdraws but this is rejected.
1854
- Britain and France declare war on Russia.
- British ships set out to fight Russia in the Baltic sea. They did not achieve major victories but kept the Russians from moving out of the area.
- The Russian black sea fleet suffered much damage because of the French fleet.
1855
- Russia takes a turkish city.
1856
- Peace negotiations begin again with Russia being force to move its navy from the black sea and with the Ottoman empire's independence.
So this war was basically about Russia trying to take over the Ottoman Empire which would have given them access to the Mediterranean and put them in a position to threaten British possessions. France and England didn't want Russia to achieve its goal, so declared war to Russia and sided with the Ottoman empire.
Most of the conflict took place on the Crimean Peninsula, with additional actions occurring in western Turkey and the Baltic Sea region.
In the end the Ottoman Empire, France and Britain succeeded over Russia!
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Franco Prussian War
Giuseppe garibaldi was a very important character in Italy's unification, he was an italian nationalist revolutionary hero in the struggle for italian unification.
He joined Mazzini's movement but was caught during the seize of a warship and condemned to death.
Somehow he managed to escape to South America, where he lived for 12 years. Then, he moved to America and within the same year he went back to Italy and participated again in the movement for Italian freedom. He played a huge part, by gaining supporters, defending Rome and organizing corps of volunteers but his force was killed and he had to get out of Italy to save his life.
He returned to Italy were he lived on the island of Caprera; he separated from Mazzini and made an alliance with Victor Emanuel II, the king of Sardinia.
He then, conquered Sicily and Naples. Italy got Venice later, after the 7 weeks' war and Rome when Napoleon III withdrew his troops.
Rome voted for union with Italy in October 1870 and in july 1871 Rome became the capital of a united Italy.
Franco Prussian War
Otto Von Bismarck was one of the most ruthless diplomats in History; he was an extremely able diplomat and politician that used technology and patience in his favor to achieve his goal: Germany's unity. He wanted to start war and so he did.
The French were not pleased when Prussia announced who the candidate for the throne was, and the king, with no intention of starting a war, made a telegram that said that they would not give the throne to that candidate.
This telegram was given to Bismarck so that he would send it, but since he was looking for an opportunity like this to start war, he modified the telegram and within five days, tricked France and his own country and France declared war on Prussia and her German allies.
The Prussian really knew how to create weapons, how to use modern technology and they also understood how to use the mobility of their weapons in their favor. Th french didn't consider artillery that important and that is probably one of the reasons that cost them the war, even though, at the beginning of the war they had a much more powerful rifle, the chassepot and they had a secret weapon: the metrailleuse, a form of machine weapon; but these weapons were smashed by the Prussian'a artillery before the french could show what the metrailleuses could really do, and because it was a secret weapon, many of the french army had no idea how it worked.
Part of the artillery from that time were the muzzle-loading and breech-loading rifles; the breech-loading rifle is one where the bullet or shell is inserted or loaded into the gun at the rear of the barrel or breech; and the muzzle-loading is a gun in which the projectile and propelling charge is loaded through the muzzle (the front-end of the gun). So the breech-loading riffles are much better and practical than the muzzle-loading ones because it represents a reduction in reloading time; it is much quicker to load the projectile and charge which represents a huge advantage during war.
The battle was brutal. Prussian troops quickly overwhelmed France and Napoleon III was captured at the Battle of Sedan. France surrendered within months, and the South German States were convinced to join the new nation of Germany in January of 1871. The independent German states – Bavaria, et cetera – had supported their fellow Germans against the French, and they agreed to unification with Prussia. France was forced to pay a lot of money for losing the war and lost some territories.
The French proclaimed an end to France's Second Empire and the creation of a republic: the new elected leader was conservative and repressive, and the people during this time, where extremely angry against the national government so a new socialist government, the paris commune, was elected. This type of government lasted very little and was mainly made of people from the proletariat, who created reforms that favored the working classes. The commune was poorly directed and eventually was toppled by the national government by killing a lot of people without mercy. So this was a pretty sad time for the french because they were in really bad conditions, having just lost a war and having to deal with a repressive government and their massacre.
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